中欧美强夯法地基处理对比

针对目前广泛遇到的海外港口建设工程中强夯设计参数选择和强夯施工监测等问题,详细对比分析了中、欧、美规范和手册中强夯法适合土类、设计参数和施工监控等。对比发现,中、欧、美规范和手册关于强夯法最大的不同之处在于设计理念,欧、美广泛采用能量法设计施工参数,而中国则通过强夯后的加固效果指导施工参数的选择。     

船舶舱室置换通风系统的数值模拟和优化

船上有些空间大、人员集中、船体结构复杂的舱室,传统送风方式难以满足需求,给空气环境设计带来很大挑战。文章采用计算流体力学方法研究置换通风系统在船舶舱室中的应用,通过建立物理和数值计算模型,在设计初始阶段对其进行气流组织、热舒适性等方面的模拟分析和优化应用研究;针对某实船舱室的置换通风系统原始方案和优化方案进行对比分析,结果表明置换通风系统具有流动分层和垂直温度梯度的特点。相比原始方案,优化方案使舱室内温度、风速和热舒适性指标等得到优化,有效降低了吹风感,保证人体周围的空气品质,热舒适性指标也符合标准要求。对船舶置换通风系统的应用研究具有借鉴意义。     

国际劳工组织及经修正的MLC 2006简介

自2013年MLC2006生效以来,该公约经过三次修正,现已获90个成员国批准,且这些国家的商船总吨位超过世界商船总吨位的91%。MLC2006的最新版本为“经修正的MLC2006”,其包括MLC2006以及已生效的“2014年修正案”和“2016年修正案”。MLC2006的结构分为“条款”与“规则和守则”两部分,并在其中插入了“海事劳工公约的规则和守则的解释性说明”。在MLC2006中,“规则和守则”的第3篇“起居舱室、娱乐设施、食品和膳食服务”与船舶设计、建造的关系密切。文中对第3篇,尤其是“起居舱室的一般要求”、“卧室”、“照明和餐厅”、“卫生设施”等内容作了介绍。     

加注LNG燃料的船舶安全管理措施研究

为给液化天然气(LNG)动力船舶的安全管理体系建立提供参考,文章从LNG燃料加注5种模式比较及加注注意事项、LNG翻滚和间歇泉的原因及措施、LNG泄漏及火灾的对策等方面进行研究。结果表明:不同气源的LNG分开储存并采取合适的进料方式可预防LNG翻滚;需预置接液盘、水幕和护板等预防LNG泄漏,若泄漏发生,可视情采用贴堵法或塞堵法,同时配合使用水幕系统;LNG着火时,可综合运用水幕隔离、消防冷却、泡沫覆盖和干粉灭火。此外,向上实心锥形水幕控制LNG扩散效果最好,且水幕高度需高于云团2倍以上;高倍泡沫可明显降低LNG的挥发,但对最小有效淹没深度有要求;干粉降低池火最高温度明显,使用时需喷洒到火焰根部。     

基于IWO算法的轴系—基座—壳体系统声辐射优化研究

针对轴系-基座-壳体结构复杂,对于激振力引起的结构表面声辐射尚未形成一套有效的计算和优化方法,文章尝试通过功率流有限元和声学边界元方法,对系统声优化问题进行了研究。在直线校中状态下,用相应单元模拟系统中减振器、隔振器和吸振器,建立轴系-基座-壳体系统有限元模型,利用有限元转子动力学,计算系统某特定工况下频率响应。在此基础上采用IWO算法,以各减振单元参数为设计变量,以传递路径的总功率流为目标函数进行优化,最后利用声学边界元方法对优化结果进行对比分析。结果表明,将流经路径总功率流替代场点声压为目标函数,不仅能将问题简化大大减少计算量,还能为系统减振降噪提供有效的优化计算方法,具有重要工程应用价值。     

某平台机舱进排风口气流组织的CFD模拟

某自升式平台的机舱进、排风口位置比较接近,机舱排出的热气受大气风影响可能返回进风口,进而提高进风温度,成为一个设计隐患。文章应用CFD技术,通过模拟一定的大气环境条件下进排风口处的气流组织,找出最不利工况,并提出切实可行的改进建议。     

一种简易核磁共振实验教学仪器

自制了一种连续波核磁共振教学实验仪器,包括设计了简单的背景磁场,以及自制实验仪器探头。用示波器观测信号,经过简单的水样品的实验,结果证明,仪器能够得到高质量的连续波核磁共振信号。     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

欧盟铁路机车车辆准入制度研究

机车车辆准入是铁路产品质量管控的关键环节,能够从源头拒绝不合格产品进入铁路市场,从而提高铁路运营效率、保障运营安全。欧盟经过多年发展,形成了世界上应用范围最广的铁路机车车辆准入制度。对欧盟铁路机车车辆准入制度进行系统分析,研究其在准入资质要求、法律法规及标准体系、认证机构、准入流程等方面的做法,并结合一些案例分析其准入效果,为我国铁路机车车辆准入制度的制定提供借鉴和启示。